Social movements have shaped humanity throughout history. Reflecting the spirit, needs, and criticisms of their times, these waves are the expressions of the human condition. However, by their very nature, every movement has a beginning, a peak, and an inevitable end.
Why do some movements endure for decades while others rise and fall quickly? In a rapidly changing world driven by technology, social media, and modern consumer culture, why do contemporary movements have shorter lifespans? Where does a modern movement like woke culture fit within this cycle?
In this article, we examine the birth, rise, and fall of cultural and social movements throughout history, assess today’s woke culture in this context, and, drawing lessons from the past, explore what movements might shape the future.
Cultural Movements Through History: Birth, Peak, and Decline
Cultural and social movements often emerge as reactions to the social, economic, and political conditions of their time. Each movement criticizes the shortcomings or excesses of the preceding era and seeks to establish a new order. For instance, Romanticism emerged in response to the dehumanizing effects of the Industrial Revolution, while punk became a banner of rebellion against systemic oppression in the 1970s.
The lifespans of these movements have varied significantly throughout history:
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Romanticism (1790–1850): A movement that celebrated nature and individual emotions as a counter to the mechanization of the Industrial Revolution. It lasted approximately 60 years.
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Bohemianism (1840–1900): A lifestyle that challenged bourgeois values and celebrated artistic freedom. It lasted ~60 years.
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Dadaism and Surrealism (1916–1940): Short but impactful art movements born from the chaos of World War I. They lasted ~8 and ~20 years, respectively.
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Hippies, Punks, Grunge (1960–1995): Youth-driven rebellions that lasted around 10-15 years each.
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Woke Culture (2010–Present): A movement centered on social justice and equality, emphasizing identity politics. However, it is grappling with its internal contradictions.
The Shrinking Lifespan of Movements: Why the Change?
In the past, social movements endured for decades. However, in the modern world, their lifespans are shortening. There are several key reasons for this:
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Technology and Communication: Movements used to take years to spread. Today, social media allows ideas to reach a global audience instantly.
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Movements like Romanticism and Bohemianism slowly gained traction through books and art, enabling them to last for decades.
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Woke culture became a global phenomenon almost overnight via social media, but this rapid spread has also led to quicker saturation.
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Rapid Saturation and Backlash: Easy access to information accelerates both the support for and criticism of movements. This leads to movements reaching their peak and decline more quickly.
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Impatience and the Need for Constant Change: Modern consumer culture fosters a craving for novelty. Movements are adopted quickly, consumed intensely, and discarded just as fast.
The Contradictions Within Woke Culture
Woke culture began as a movement rooted in social justice and equality. However, it also contains inherent contradictions:
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Identity Politics Conflicts: Supporting LGBTQ+ rights while also advocating for traditional Muslim communities creates tensions between often contradictory values.
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Free Speech vs. Cancel Culture: Woke culture’s commitment to free speech is at odds with its embrace of cancel culture, where dissenting voices are silenced.
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Hierarchy of Victimhood: Efforts to address various injustices simultaneously have led to a “competition of grievances,” weakening solidarity among groups.
The Future of Woke Culture: What Comes Next?
Considering historical cycles, woke culture is unlikely to be eternal:
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Start: ~2010
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Predicted End: ~2030
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Current State: Approximately 50% of its lifecycle is complete.
What might follow? Based on historical trends, here are some possibilities:
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A Renaissance of Individualism: A shift from collective identity politics to personal freedom and self-discovery.
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Rediscovery of Spirituality: Renewed emphasis on spirituality and a connection with nature.
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Tech-Resistant Minimalism: A rejection of digital excess in favor of simplicity and offline living.
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Global Solidarity Movements: A move away from identity-based activism to focus on universal issues like climate change and economic inequality.
Lessons from History: Movements Shape, but Do Not Last
Every social movement is born out of its time’s needs, but no movement lasts forever. Woke culture, like its predecessors, rose to address specific demands but risks fading unless it resolves its internal contradictions.
History shows that humanity is in constant reinvention. Each movement carries the seeds of the next, shaped by the successes and failures of its predecessors. As woke culture approaches its predicted peak, the world prepares for a new era.
What remains constant is humanity’s drive for progress, meaning, and balance. Movements come and go, but the ultimate goal persists: to create a more just, harmonious, and meaningful world.
Victoria Toumit